Online and ICT-facilitated violence against women and girls during COVID-19

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women), EVAW COVID-19 briefs, brief, 2020

 

Abstract

This brief highlights emerging trends and impacts of COVID-1x9 on violence against women and girls facilitated by information and communications technology (ICT). It provides examples of strategies and practices put in place to prevent and respond to online and ICT-facilitated violence against women and girls. It also considers the impact of the pandemic on violence against women and girls in a reality shaped by a gender digital divide. It makes recommendations to be considered by governments, women’s rights organizations, civil society organizations, internet intermediaries, and other practitioners committed to enhancing women’s and girls’ online safety. It is a living document that draws upon the knowledge and experience of a wide range of experts who support solutions to end online and ICT-facilitated violence against women and girls.

 

本簡報重點闡述了新冠疫情對資訊通信技術（ICT）助長的針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為的新趨勢和影響。簡報列舉了為預防和應對網路及資訊通信技術助長的針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為而製定的策略和實踐案例。此外，簡報也探討了在性別數位落差加劇的現實背景下，疫情對針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為的影響。簡報提出了一些建議，供各國政府、婦女權利組織、民間社會組織、網路中介機構以及其他致力於提升婦女和女孩網路安全的從業人員參考。本簡報是一份動態文件，匯集了許多專家的知識和經驗，這些專家致力於尋求解決方案，以終結網路及資訊通信技術助長的針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為。

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Accelerating efforts to tackle online and technology-facilitated violence against women and girls

Somali Cerise, Ruby Lew, Kalliopi Mingeirou, and Yeliz Osman

UN Women, policy paper, 2022

 

Abstract

Violence against women and girls (VAWG) in digital contexts is not a new phenomenon, however it has rapidly escalated in the shadows of the COVID-19 pandemic as women’s lives shifted online for work, education, access to services, and social activities. While there continue to be significant gaps in data, one global report suggests that prevalence ranges from 16 per cent to 58 per cent. Online VAWG occurs as part of a continuum that is often connected to offline violence and can encompass many forms including sexual harassment, stalking, zoom bombing, and these continue to multiply in a context of rapidly expanding digitalization. The impact of online VAWG can be as harmful as offline violence with negative effects on the health and wellbeing of women and girls as well as serious economic, social and political impacts. This paper provides a brief overview of the existing data and evidence on online and technology facilitated VAWG, outlines some of the key developments, gaps, challenges, and emerging promising practices, and makes recommendations to be considered by governments, international organizations, civil society organizations, and the technology sector.

 

數位環境中的針對婦女和女孩的暴力（VAWG）並非新現象，但在新冠疫情的陰影下迅速升級，因為婦女的生活——包括工作、教育、獲取服務和社交活動——都轉移到了線上。儘管數據仍有顯著缺口，但全球報告顯示，網路暴力發生率介於16%至58%之間。網路暴力涵蓋了一系列連續的暴力形式，通常與線下暴力相關聯，包括性騷擾、跟蹤和Zoom轟炸等，而且隨著數位化進程的加快，這些暴力行為也在增加。網路暴力的影響與線下暴力一樣具有破壞性，不僅損害婦女和女孩的身心健康，還會造成嚴重的經濟、社會和政治後果。本文簡要概述了有關針對婦女和女孩的網絡和技術驅動的暴力行為的現有數據和證據，概述了關鍵發展、差距、挑戰和新興的有前景的做法，並向各國政府、國際組織、民間社會組織和科技部門提出了建議。

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Intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: Report of the Secretary-General

United Nations General Assembly & UN Women, UN Document A/77/302, 2022

 

Abstract

Pursuant to UN General Assembly resolution 75/161, on the intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, the present report (A/77/302) is focused on the urgent need to address violence against women and girls in digital contexts, as well as on broader efforts to eliminate violence against women, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The report provides information on measures taken by Member States and entities of the United Nations system to address violence against women and girls, and contains conclusions and specific recommendations for future action.

 

根據聯合國大會關於加強努力預防和消除一切形式暴力侵害婦女和女童行為的第75/161號決議，本報告（A/77/302）重點關注在數位環境中應對暴力侵害婦女和女童行為的迫切需要，以及在冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）疫情背景下，更廣泛地消除暴力侵害婦女行為的努力。報告提供了會員國和聯合國系統各實體為應對暴力侵害婦女和女孩行為而採取的措施的信息，並包含結論和未來行動的具體建議。

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Expert Group Meeting report: Technology-facilitated violence against women: Towards a common definition

UN Women-World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Programme on Violence Against Women Data, meeting report, 2022

 

Abstract

The rapidly growing access and use of information and communication technologies (ICT), accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has had multiple impacts on gender equality and women’s rights, including the further exacerbation of existing forms of violence against women (VAW), especially sexual harassment, and the emergence of new forms of VAW, such as non-consensual image sharing. Yet, important knowledge and implementation gaps remain to inform and monitor a systematic approach of prevention and response to technology-facilitated VAW (TF VAW), including the lack of a common definition, which has been repeatedly identified as the main barrier for the production of accurate, reliable. and comparable data and knowledge around TF VAW. To address this gap, UN Women, as part of its Joint Programme on Violence against Women Data with the World Health Organization (WHO), convened an expert group meeting on 15–16 November 2022 in New York that brought together 29 diverse stakeholders from 26 inter-governmental organizations, government agencies, civil society, and academia, including gender policy specialists, researchers, academics, and statisticians. Building on the prior work done to understand the issue of TF VAW, the expert group aimed to develop a common, comprehensive definition of TF VAW that could be used as the basis for developing tools to begin to fill the data gap around the prevalence of TF VAW. This report captures the main points that were discussed during the two-day meeting and explains the rationale behind the development of the proposed definition.

 

資訊通信技術（ICT）的快速普及和使用，尤其是在新冠疫情的推動下，對性別平等和婦女權利產生了多重影響，包括進一步加劇現有的針對婦女的暴力行為（VAW），特別是性騷擾，以及出現新的針對婦女的暴力行為形式，例如未經同意的圖像分享。然而，在發展和監測預防和應對技術輔助性針對婦女的暴力行為（TF VAW）的系統性方法方面，仍有重要的知識和實施差距，例如缺乏統一的定義。這一點已被反覆指出，是獲取關於TF VAW的準確、可靠和可比較數據和知識的主要障礙。為彌補這一數據缺口，聯合國婦女署作為其與世界衛生組織（世衛組織）聯合開展的「暴力侵害婦女數據」計畫的一部分，於2022年11月15日至16日在紐約召集了一次專家小組會議。會議匯集了來自26個政府間組織、政府機構、民間社會和學術界的29位利害關係人，其中包括性別政策專家、研究人員、學者和統計學家。專家小組在先前對「家庭暴力侵害婦女」（TF VAW）問題的研究基礎上，旨在製定一個通用且全面的TF VAW定義，以此為基礎開發相關工具，從而填補TF VAW流行率方面的數據空白。本報告總結了為期兩天的會議討論要點，並闡述了製定該定義的理由。

 

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Technology-facilitated violence against women: Taking stock of evidence and data collection

UN Women-WHO Joint Programme on Violence Against Women Data, research paper, 2023

 

Abstract

The digital revolution and the uptake of online information and communications technologies have both positive and negative gendered impacts. On the one hand, online spaces and digital tools can facilitate access to essential information and services, unleashing educational and employment opportunities for women and girls. But on the other hand, for those who are online and do have access, a growing body of evidence sheds light on the ways in which the digital revolution has exacerbated existing, and even created new, forms of gendered inequalities and oppression, including technology-facilitated violence against women. Despite a growing evidence base and accelerated efforts to develop fit-for-purpose quantitative and qualitative research and data collection methods, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the scale and particular manifestations of technology-facilitated violence against women, including how women who face intersecting forms of discrimination experience or resist it. Based on a scoping study, this paper offers a landscape scan highlighting what is known about technology-facilitated violence against women, who is currently generating this knowledge, and how the evidence is being produced. The paper also highlights some of the related methodological, ethical, and sociopolitical challenges to collecting data on technology-facilitated violence against women. As a way forward, actions for strengthening knowledge generation and data collection are proposed, including recommendations on methods and further research.

 

數位革命和線上資訊通訊科技的普及對性別議題既有正面影響，也有負面影響。一方面，網路空間和數位工具能夠促進人們獲取必要的資訊和服務，從而為婦女和女孩創造教育和就業機會。但另一方面，對於那些能夠上網並享有網路資源的人來​​說，越來越多的證據表明，數位革命加劇了現有的性別不平等和壓迫形式，甚至催生了新的形式，包括利用科技手段對婦女實施的暴力。儘管證據基礎日益完善，且在開發適用的定量和定性研究及資料收集方法方面也取得了顯著進展，但我們對利用技術手段對婦女實施的暴力的規模和具體表現形式，以及面臨多重歧視的婦女如何經歷或反抗這種暴力，仍然存在諸多認知空白。本文基於一項範圍界定研究，概述了目前關於利用技術手段對婦女實施的暴力的認知現狀、相關知識的來源以及證據的產生方式。本文也重點闡述了在收集有關技術輔助性暴力侵害婦女行為的數據時面臨的一些方法論、倫理和社會政治方面的挑戰。作為因應之策，本文提出了加強知識生成和資料收集的行動方案，包括對方法和未來研究方向的建議。

 

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Brief: The state of evidence and data collection on technology-facilitated violence against women

UN Women-WHO Joint Programme on Violence Against Women Data, research paper, 2023

 

Abstract

This brief paper summarizes the scoping review and key recommendations on the approaches to collecting data on technology-facilitated violence against women TF VAW, the current state of evidence and data, and the challenges presented in the research paper, “Technology-facilitated violence against women: Taking stock of evidence and data collection”, developed by Ladysmith as part of the UN Women–WHO Joint Programme on Violence Against Women Data.

 

本文簡要概述了研究論文《技術輔助的暴力侵害婦女行為：盤點證據和數據收集》的範圍審查和關鍵建議，該論文由 Ladysmith 編寫，是聯合國婦女署-世衛組織暴力侵害婦女數據聯合規劃的一部分。

 

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Technology-facilitated gender-based violence: Developing a shared research agenda

TFGBV Research Priority Setting (RPS), research paper, 2024

 

Abstract

Key knowledge gaps can hamper delivery of effective response and prevention programmes. There is little comparable, reliable data on the prevalence, forms, impact, and drivers of technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) across different global regions and social intersections. There is limited data on the links between online and offline violence, although we know from many women’s experiences that such links exist. We do not know enough about who the perpetrators of TFGBV are, or about how much is perpetrated by intimate partners and known entities as opposed to organized and networked forms of attack. We do not know what works to deter or change abusive behaviour online, and there is little knowledge of the role and impact of legislation (and its implementation), regulation, or big tech in addressing this issue. The unfortunate realities of TFGBV are moving fast. Thus, we must deal with how to address victimization and perpetration and respond in real-time, while we innovate to prevent it. Co-creating a set of research priorities for the field can help address the knowledge gaps, bring more diverse voices into the discussions, and move the field forward in a more coordinated manner. This is why the Sexual Violence Research Initiative, the Association for Progressive Communications, UN Women, and the Global Partnership for Action on Gender-Based Online Abuse and Harassment have joined hands and co-facilitated a process to identify a set of research priority recommendations for addressing the global problem of TFGBV through a transparent, methodologically sound, comprehensive, and inclusive process.

 

關鍵知識缺口會阻礙有效應對和預防方案的實施。目前，在不同全球區域和社會交會點中，科技輔助性別暴力（TFGBV）的普遍程度、形式、影響和驅動因素，缺乏可比較且可靠的數據。儘管許多女性的經驗顯示線上和線下暴力之間存在關聯，但關於二者之間聯繫的數據仍然有限。我們對TFGBV的施暴者是誰知之甚少，也不清楚有多少暴力是由親密伴侶和熟人實施的，又有多少是由有組織、網絡化的攻擊形式實施的。我們不了解哪些措施能夠有效阻止或改變網路上的虐待行為，也對立法（及其執行）、監管或大型科技公司在解決此問題上的作用和影響知之甚少。 TFGBV的嚴峻情況正在快速變化。因此，我們必須在努力創新預防的同時，即時應對受害和施暴問題。共同製定該領域的研究優先事項有助於彌合知識鴻溝，讓更多樣化的聲音參與討論，並以更協調的方式推動該領域的發展。正因如此，性暴力研究倡議組織、進步傳播協會、聯合國婦女署和全球性別暴力網絡虐待和騷擾行動夥伴關係攜手合作，共同推動了一項旨在透過透明、方法嚴謹、全面和包容的流程，確定一系列研究優先事項建議，以應對全球性的基於性別的暴力問題。

 

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Intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: Technology-facilitated violence against women and girls: Report of the Secretary-General

United Nations General Assembly & UN Women, UN Document A/79/500,  October 2024

 

Abstract

The present report (A/79/500), submitted pursuant to UN General Assembly resolution 77/193, provides information on measures taken by UN Member States and activities carried out within the United Nations system to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls. The report highlights recent trends, developments, and promising practices, and makes concrete recommendations for eliminating violence against women and girls, with a specific focus on technology-facilitated violence against women and girls.

 

本報告（A/79/500）依據聯合國大會第77/193號決議提交，介紹了聯合國會員國為消除一切形式的暴力侵害婦女和女童行為而採取的措施以及聯合國系統內開展的活動。報告重點闡述了近期趨勢、發展動態和有前景的做法，並就消除暴力侵害婦女和女童行為提出了具體建議，尤其關注利用技術手段實施的暴力侵害婦女和女童行為。

 

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Global trends to prevent and respond to technology-facilitated violence against women and girls: A compendium of emerging practices

Ending Violence against Women Section, Policy, Programme and Intergovernmental Division of UN Women, legislative research paper, 2025

 

Abstract

The digital revolution has transformed every aspect of our lives, offering unprecedented opportunities for communication, learning, earning, and activism. Yet the digital realm has also become another setting where women and girls, in all their diversity, experience violence. Digital technologies have ignited new forms and patterns of violence against women and girls that are facilitated by technology. This compendium compiles, reviews, and organizes emerging practices to address digital violence. It is a living document that provides an overview of emerging practices and interventions by different actors, with a focus on governments, civil society organizations, and technology companies. It showcases select laws, policies, programmes, and initiatives, and highlights global trends in addressing, preventing, and responding to technology-facilitated violence against women and girls.

 

數位革命改變了我們生活的各個層面，為溝通、學習、就業和行動主義提供了前所未有的機會。然而，數位領域也成為了女性和女孩（無論她們的性別背景為何）遭受暴力的另一個場所。數位科技催生了針對女性和女孩的新型暴力形式​​和模式，而這些暴力行為又因科技而變得更加容易。本彙編旨在收集、回顧和整理應對數位暴力的新興實踐。這是一份動態更新的文件，概述了不同行動者（重點關注政府、民間社會組織和科技公司）的新興實踐和乾預措施。它重點介紹了部分法律、政策、項目和倡議，並著重闡述了應對、預防和處理技術助長的針對女性和女孩的暴力行為的全球趨勢。

 

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Tracking countries’ efforts on technology-facilitated violence against women and girls

Raphaelle Rafin & Giorgia Airoldi

Ending Violence against Women Section, Policy, Programme and Intergovernmental Division of UN Women, policy paper, 2025

 

Abstract

The rapid expansion of technology and digitalization offers immense potential for advancing gender equality, women’s empowerment, and ending violence against women and girls. Unfortunately, the digital world is also a breeding ground for violence. Feminist advocacy, as well as the work of women-led organizations, have been critical in driving the recognition of digital violence as a violation of women’s and girls’ human rights, propelling international and regional action, and prompting countries to adopt targeted measures to prevent and respond to technology-facilitated violence against women and girls (TF VAWG). With the objective of strengthening approaches to TF VAWG, this analysis reviews measures reported by countries and presented in the Global Database on Violence against Women and Girls and provides insights on the different strategies adopted by member states to tackle digital violence.

 

科技和數位化的快速發展為促進性別平等、增強婦女權能以及消除針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為提供了巨大潛力。然而，令人遺憾的是，數位世界也成為了暴力滋長的溫床。女權主義倡議以及婦女領導的組織的工作在推動人們認識到數位暴力侵犯婦女和女孩的人權、促進國際和區域行動以及促使各國採取有針對性的措施來預防和應對利用科技手段實施的針對婦女和女童的暴力行為（TF VAWG）方面發揮了至關重要的作用。為了加強應對TF VAWG的措施，本分析回顧了各國報告並收錄於《全球暴力侵害婦女和女孩資料庫》中的相關措施，並深入分析了成員國為應對數位暴力而採取的不同策略。

 

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Tipping point: The chilling escalation of online violence against women in the public sphere

Julie Posetti, Lea Hellmueller, Kaylee Williams, Pauline Renaud, Nermine Aboulez, and Nabeelah Shabbir

Ending Violence against Women Section, Policy Programme and Intergovernmental Division, UN Women, research paper, December 2025

 

Abstract

Online violence against women has become a growing global crisis. What begins on a screen can quickly fuel harassment, intimidation, and even real-world harm. Women who speak up, report the news, or defend human rights are increasingly targeted with threats, abuse, and misinformation designed to push them out of public life. This publication examines this urgent issue. Developed under UN Women’s EU-funded ACT to End Violence against Women Programme, the publication draws on a global survey reaching women from 119 countries. It highlights how online attacks—once dismissed as “virtual” problems—are now spilling offline, affecting women’s safety, well-being, and ability to participate freely in public debate. The report also explores how new technologies, including artificial intelligence, are making abusive content easier to create and harder to control, further heightening risks for women in public life. The publication explains the scale of the problem in clear terms and shows that online violence is part of a broader pattern of shrinking civic space and rising backlash against women’s rights. It calls for urgent action to ensure digital platforms are safer, to strengthen legal protections, and to support women who experience abuse. By shining a spotlight on this escalating form of violence, the report offers evidence, context, and practical direction for policymakers, tech companies, civil society, and anyone working to protect women’s rights and support women’s full participation in public life.

 

針對女性的網路暴力已成為日益嚴重的全球危機。始於螢幕的暴力行為會迅速演變為騷擾、恐嚇，甚至造成現實世界的傷害。敢於發聲、報道新聞或捍衛人權的女性越來越容易成為威脅、辱罵和虛假資訊的攻擊目標，這些攻擊旨在將她們排擠出公共生活。本出版品探討了這個緊迫問題。該出版物由聯合國婦女署歐盟資助的「終止對婦女暴力行為行動計畫」編寫，基於一項涵蓋119個國家女性的全球調查。報告強調，曾經被視為「虛擬」議題的網路攻擊如今正蔓延至線下，影響著女性的安全、福祉以及自由參與公共辯論的能力。報告也探討了包括人工智慧在內的新技術如何使惡意內容的製作更加便捷、控制更加困難，進一步加劇了女性在公共生活中面臨的風險。該出版物以清晰易懂的方式闡述了問題的嚴重性，並指出網路暴力是公民空間萎縮和女性權利遭受日益強烈抵制這一更廣泛趨勢的一部分。報告呼籲採取緊急行動，確保數位平台更加安全，加強法律保護，並為遭受虐待的婦女提供支持。報告聚焦於這種日益嚴重的暴力形式，為政策制定者、科技公司、民間社會以及所有致力於保護婦女權利和支持婦女充分參與公共生活的人士提供證據、背景資訊和切實可行的指導。

 

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Repository of UN Women’s work on technology-facilitated violence against women and girls

UN Women, catalogue, 2025

 

Abstract

This repository reflects UN Women’s work addressing a critical and growing form of violence that disproportionately affects women and girls worldwide. Technology-facilitated violence against women and girls (TF VAWG) includes any act committed or amplified through digital means, leading to physical, sexual, psychological, economic, or social harm. Rooted in power imbalances, patriarchy, and misogyny, TF VAWG not only exacerbates existing forms of violence like harassment and intimate partner violence but has also led to the emergence of new forms of abuse, especially in the rapidly digitalizing world. UN Women leads, convenes, and shapes the development of resources in this repository, focusing on closing gaps in knowledge, data, and implementation that hinder effective prevention and response. This collection of materials supports efforts to bridge research gaps, strengthen normative frameworks, adapt essential services to support survivors, and engage men and boys in transforming harmful social norms. Through this repository, UN Women also fosters multistakeholder collaborations, such as those under the Generation Equality Action Coalitions on Gender-Based Violence and Technology and Innovation for Gender Equality. This repository stands as a resource for policymakers, practitioners, and advocates, equipping them with the insights and tools needed to combat technology-facilitated violence and create a safer digital space for women and girls.

 

 

該資料庫反映了聯合國婦女署在應對日益嚴重的暴力形式方面所做的工作，這種暴力形式對世界各地的婦女和女孩造成了不成比例的影響。利用科技手段實施的針對婦女和女孩的暴力（TF VAWG）包括任何透過數位手段實施或放大的行為，導致身體、性、心理、經濟或社會傷害。 TF VAWG 植根於權力失衡、父權制和厭女症，它不僅加劇了騷擾和親密伴侶暴力等現有暴力形式，而且還導致了新型虐待形式的出現，尤其是在快速數位化的世界中。聯合國婦女署領導、召集並塑造了該資料庫的資源開發，重點在於彌合知識、數據和實施方面的差距，這些差距阻礙了有效的預防和應對措施。該資料庫旨在支持彌合研究差距、加強規範框架、調整基本服務以支持倖存者，並鼓勵男性和男孩參與改變有害的社會規範。透過此資源庫，聯合國婦女署也促進多方利害關係人合作，例如「性別平等世代行動聯盟」和「科技與創新促進性別平等」聯盟下的合作。該資源庫為政策制定者、實踐者和倡導者提供資源，幫助他們掌握打擊技術助長暴力、為婦女和女孩創造更安全數位空間所需的洞見和工具。

 

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How AI is exacerbating technology-facilitated violence against women and girls

Somali  Cerise, Stephanie Lentz, Laura Bates, Kalliopi Mingeirou, and Yeliz Osman

Ending Violence against Women Section, Policy Programme and Intergovernmental Division, UN Women, research paper, 2025

 

Abstract

Rapid technological change has created new risks for violence against women and girls (VAWG), with emerging forms of technology-facilitated abuse increasing in scale, speed, and severity. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has intensified this landscape, enabling deepfakes, disinformation, automated harassment, impersonation, sextortion, and data-driven stalking at unprecedented levels. These harms disproportionately affect women and girls, particularly those in public life, and often reinforce existing inequalities, gender stereotypes, and structural discrimination. This paper, developed under UN Women’s ACT to End Violence against Women Programme, funded by the European Union, provides a comprehensive analysis of how AI is amplifying technology-facilitated VAWG and examines the unique legal, ethical, and accountability challenges arising from rapidly evolving digital tools. It draws on global evidence, case studies, emerging data, and technical analysis to map the ways AI-driven tools are intensifying common forms of online abuse, including deepfake pornography, automated hate speech, impersonation, doxing, and coordinated digital attacks. The paper also outlines promising practices and innovative uses of AI for prevention and response, highlighting emerging feminist AI models, survivor-centred chatbots, real-time detection tools, and global normative developments such as the UN High-Level Advisory Body on AI and the Global Digital Compact. It provides concrete recommendations for governments, regulators, platforms, civil society, and the private sector, calling for safety-by-design, accountability for digital intermediaries, stronger legal safeguards, and coordinated international action to ensure AI technologies uphold women’s rights, safety, and autonomy.

 

科技的快速發展為針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為（VAWG）帶來了新的風險，新興的、借助技術手段實施的暴力形式在規模、速度和嚴重程度上都在不斷加劇。生成式人工智慧（AI）的出現使這一局面更加惡化，以前所未有的規模實現了深度偽造、虛假資訊傳播、自動化騷擾、身份冒用、性勒索和數據驅動的追蹤。這些傷害對婦女和女孩的影響尤其嚴重，特別是那些身處公共生活領域的婦女和女孩，並且往往會加劇現有的不平等、性別刻板印象和結構性歧視。本文是在聯合國婦女署「終止對婦女暴力行為行動計畫」（由歐盟資助）框架下撰寫的，全面分析了人工智慧如何加劇借助技術手段實施的針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為，並探討了快速發展的數位工具所帶來的獨特的法律、倫理和問責挑戰。該報告借鑒全球證據、案例研究、新興數據和技術分析，闡述了人工智慧驅動的工具如何加劇常見的網路暴力形式，包括深度偽造色情內容、自動化仇恨言論、身分冒用、人肉搜尋和協同網路攻擊。該報告還概述了人工智慧在預防和應對網路暴力方面的有前景的實踐和創新應用，重點介紹了新興的女性主義人工智慧模型、以倖存者為中心的聊天機器人、即時檢測工具以及聯合國人工智慧高階諮詢機構和全球數位契約等全球規範性發展。報告為各國政府、監管機構、平台、民間社會和私營部門提出了具體建議，呼籲從設計之初就注重安全，加強數位中介機構的問責制，強化法律保障，並開展協調一致的國際行動，以確保人工智慧技術維護婦女的權利、安全和自主權。

 

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UN Women strategy: Preventing and eliminating technology-facilitated violence against women and girls

UN Women, strategy report, 2025

 

Abstract

Technology and digital tools are transforming everyday life, opening new opportunities for women and girls—but they are also being weaponized to harass, threaten, and silence them online. Technology-facilitated violence against women and girls (TF VAWG) is now a defining challenge for gender equality, closely linked to violence offline and shaped by deep-rooted discrimination. This publication sets out UN Women’s approach to tackling this growing threat. Aligned with the UN Women Strategic Plan 2026–2029, this strategy positions TF VAWG as a core concern across all areas of UN Women’s work and explains how it fits within the wider violence-against-women continuum. The strategy outlines a human rights–based, gender-responsive and -inclusive vision for safer digital spaces. It identifies key drivers and gaps—from harmful gender norms and under-regulation of technology, to limited data and services—and organizes UN Women’s response into five pathways for action: strengthening norms and standards; expanding data and evidence; transforming social norms and digital ecosystems; improving survivor-centred and justice-focused responses; and amplifying women’s voice, agency, digital resilience, and leadership. Providing clear directions for global, regional, and country-level action, this strategy is a roadmap for UN Women and its partners to prevent and eliminate TF VAWG and to ensure that digital transformation advances, rather than undermines, the rights of women and girls.

 

科技和數位工具正在改變日常生活，為婦女和女孩開闢新的機會——但同時也被用來騷擾、威脅和噤聲她們。利用科技手段對婦女和女孩實施的暴力（TF VAWG）如今已成為性別平等面臨的一項重大挑戰，它與線下暴力密切相關，並受到根深蒂固的歧視的影響。本出版物闡述了聯合國婦女署應對這一日益嚴重的威脅的方針。該策略與聯合國婦女署2026-2029年戰略計畫一致，將TF VAWG定位為聯合國婦女署所有工作領域的核心關注點，並解釋了它如何融入更廣泛的針對婦女的暴力行為體系。該戰略概述了一個以人權為基礎、兼顧性別平等和包容性的願景，旨在建立更安全的數位空間。它指出了關鍵驅動因素和差距——從有害的性別規範和技術監管不足，到數據和服務有限——並將聯合國婦女署的應對措施歸納為五條行動路徑：加強規範和標準；擴展數據和證據；該戰略旨在轉變社會規範和數位生態系統；改進以倖存者為中心、以正義為導向的應對措施；並增強婦女的話語權、主權、自主權和領導力。該策略為全球、區域和國家層面的行動提供了明確的方向，是聯合國婦女署及其合作夥伴預防和消除針對婦女和女孩的暴力行為，並確保數位轉型促進而非損害婦女和女孩權利的路線圖。